Erdogan’s Victory: What Does It Mean for Syrians?

The re-election of Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan has had a mixed impact on Ankara’s Syria policy. On the one hand, it has allayed the concerns of many Syrians that Ankara’s policy towards Damascus could be fundamentally changed to their detriment. With Erdoğan remaining in…

No Retreat: Countering European Digital Dependency

In the past two years, leading EU officials promoted European Digital Sovereignty. The initiative aims at strengthening the position of the bloc within the networked world. Besides the public discourse, various actions are implemented to boost the digital sovereignty. The measures are located in five…

The End of Elon Musk: Time to Think Again

Based on post-industrial and post-capitalist ideas, the Californian ideology represented the spirit of optimism of the young internet in the 1990s. Knowledge-based economies and the empowerment of individuals would dissolve existing structures of power and herald the end of large corporations and governments (Barbrook and…

Give It Some Time: EU Sanctions Against Russia

As a result of Brussels’ extraordinarily tough sanctions package in reaction to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in February, the issue of how to assess sanctions’ effectiveness has grown more important for the European Union. In addition to the limitations put in place in 2014 in…

The Nation-State and Self-Sufficiency

With Russia’s war on Ukraine, the ever-present availability of cheap gas, warmth, and electricity got questioned in many European countries. On the one hand, governments suggested ideas for individuals to save energy by using a wet rag instead of a warm shower. However, it raised…